Posted this on Yahoo! as well, just so anyone who may come across it knows the Yahoo! post is from me as well!
So I thought about it, and I decided that the best way to keep me on track with my budgeting would be to write about it. Spending money is fun and easy, but saving money is the opposite. This is my plan:
~ We are going to live on $300 a month after bills and food
~ We will have enough money to build a do-it-yourself home in a few years
~ We will not deviate from the spending plan unless it is a true emergency (major appliance dying, vehicle, etc)
That's the basic plan. I just hope it works. A lot of family members and friends have been asking me to help them set up a budget of their own, so I figured I would post the way I do it. So here goes, and I hope this helps someone out!
Starting a budget!Before you even think about a budget, set your goal. Why do you want to budget your money? Are you trying to become debt-free? Are you saving for a house, or the kids' college, or are you just wanting to break free from the paycheck-to-paycheck thing? Whatever your goal is, get it FIRMLY set not only what your goal is but why you have that goal. A carrot on a stick will keep a horse going, but a rock is gonna make him look at you like you're an idiot. In other words, if you don't want your goal bad enough, no amount of budgeting or planning is going to do it for you.
FIRST: TOTAL YOUR BILLSMaybe you, too, want to budget your monthly income so you can save some dough. Where did I start? Okay, I'm pretty good a math (read: I can add and subtract and average numbers) so the easy stuff comes first. This is the part where all of my monthly bills get added up for the past year and averaged. So 12 months of electric bills averaged, 12 months of gas, 12 months of phone, etc. Averaging can be avoided if you're like me and you know EXACTLY how much each bill should cost each month, and the difference in certain bills like heating and cooling during the summer versus the winter months. Like, I'm not going to spend $100/month for heat during the summer, right? It's only going to be like $20.
This is the first part of reducing your monthly out-of-pocket costs. What recurring bills do you have that you can reduce? Are you paying for a 2000 minute cell phone plan when you only use half of that each month? Usually you can change your cell phone plan without renewing or changing your contract. Are you paying for a home phone that you NEVER use? What else is coming out of your hard-earned paycheck that you don't use or really don't need?
After you get your averages or cost per month down, you gotta find the total cost of the bills per month by (you guessed it) adding them together. Not hard. Now you gotta get into the more labor intensive part.
STEP 2: TOTAL YOUR EXPENSES
So you have your total bills per month, now you gotta find your total food cost, toiletries, and gas for your car. To find these numbers, you might have to do some digging into your bank statements. Hopefully you keep track of your purchases by writing them down. No? Me neither. Okay, so hopefully you keep all the receipts. This is something I do, although my husband fails miserably at keeping track of little pieces of paper. So the other option is that you pay for almost everything with plastic, which isn't a stretch nowadays.
If you don't keep receipts, a list of your purchases, or pay with plastic everywhere, then YOU BETTER START NOW! It's kinda hard to track your spending if you have no clue where your money goes. How can you tell what part of your budget goes to food? Clothing? Entertainment? Unless you have a superhuman memory or you only get like $20 a week you won't be able to budget your dinero. Keep track of EVERYTHING.
For those of us who use their trusty debit card for everything (NOT CREDIT!!!), there's a very simple way to track your spending. Go find your bank statement and starting adding. If you're not sure about something try to guess, like if you have a $200 purchase from Wal-Mart and you're sure it wasn't just fishing gear, guesstimate how much you think was spent on catfish bait and bass lures and how much went to food for the fishing trip. Some things will be easy, like knowing that a purchase from Khol's was most definitely for non-food items, or a purchase from Hy-Vee doesn't include a stereo. Just go through at least a few months to get an idea of what you spent where. Here are a few categories that you're trying to fill:
~ Food
~ Clothing
~ Toiletries
~ Household supplies
~ Gas (Only for places you MUST go, like work, school, household shopping, etc, not social stuff)
~ Gas (For non-necessary trips, like social and extra-curricular stuff)
~ Entertainment
~ Electronics
~ Toys (if you have a male significant other or kids)
Just change the list to make categories that fit your lifestyle. Once you get an idea of how much you spend on bills and each expense on your list each month, now comes the moment of truth. Add up your total CASH income for the month, and compare it to the total bills+expenses. Do not compare this amount to how much of your credit card limit PLUS cash income you use each month. Now, how much do you have left over? Are you negative? Or do you have a few bucks left?
STEP 3: TOTAL YOUR "NEEDS" EXPENSES AND REDUCE(If you absolutely cannot reduce, don't worry about it)Okay, so you've got your list of bills each month, and you've got your list of expenses. Now what? Start with things you MUST have, like food for the family, household supplies and toiletries. Needs, not wants. Need: food. Want: going out to eat every week. Get it? This is where the gas for the car to get to work, school, and other MUST GO places is put. So, if we begin with food, don't just jot down the number on your expense list. Think about it. How much food goes to waste or gets thrown away? How much extra food is in the house at the end of the month? Odds are that if you're not living on a budget, you're overspending on food. How much do you spend on restaurants or fast food? You could spend $5 on a burger when out to eat or you could spend $5 on a pound of raw hamburger, a tomato, an onion, and a few buns depending on how you shop, which would equal four quarter-pounders. Take into consideration how much money could be better spent. You could have bought hot dogs for $.99/lb instead of $1.50/lb if you had waited a few days to buy them and taken advantage of the local supermarket sale. You could have bought chicken quarters for $.49/lb instead of $1.20/lb if you had looked at the sale ad sooner. There are things that I refuse to buy unless they're on sale for a good price unless I absolutely need them, so you have to accustom yourself to browsing the sale ads each week. It will take time, but eventually you will know what a "good deal" is when food shopping. In the meantime, if you're serious about saving money and living on a budget, shave off any excess spending in each "need" category. Do you really need to go out to eat every day, or could you pack a lunch for yourself instead? Do you need to buy name-brand shampoo, or will a cheaper/store brand work just a well? Assign a total maximum spending limit for each category, like $200/month on food, $25/month on toiletries, and $25/month on household supplies. Think about any unnecessary driving you may be doing. Can you get your gas budget under $250/month?
STEP 4: TOTAL YOUR "WANTS" EXPENSES AND REDUCE(Unless you've got tons of money left over each month, you HAVE to reduce!)Once you're done with the necessities, start with the "wants" on your list. Put the gas expense for social and extracurricular stuff here. Start shaving those down as well. Instead of going to the movies once a week, limit yourself to once or twice a month. Or save your movie splurge for when something comes out that you
have to see. Do you really need the newest gadget coming out this month? Or could you wait a few months for the cost to go down? Most new electronics go down in price after they've been on the market for a while. Could you wait that long, or is it a dire emergency?
STEP 5: WHY BUY NEW WHEN YOU CAN BUY USED???Honestly, there are so many places where you can buy used things that are still in excellent condition. Lose the champagne attitude and look at thrift stores for clothes! Especially clothing for kids, since kids ruin or grow out of clothing within months. A friend of mine buys a new pair of designer shoes for her toddler every few months because he outgrows them so darn quick, or she tries to keep him wearing them even when they don't fit just so she feels like she "got her money's worth" out of them. Seriously? Go to Wal-Mart, go to Goodwill, get the cheap lightly worn shoes! He's only gonna trash them anyway!
Appliances are the same way. You'd be surprised how many "other" people buy new appliances before they need them, and their perfectly fine old stuff just gets tossed. Browse Craigslist, Freecycle, or the Yellow Pages for second hand appliance stores. Now, a lot of those places will sell you something crappy, so look at the online reviews. You'll always see a few bad reviews no matter what, but if most of them are good then go for it. It's worth a call to see what they have. Also, I do not buy appliances that don't come with a free complete warranty. Most of these stores are Mom and Pop shops that find and fix things to resell. They should warranty their work for at least 1 year, as in a complete warranty that covers parts, labor, etc. After the first year it becomes a partial warranty, meaning labor is covered but parts aren't (or vice versa). After the third year the warranty become more exclusive or expires, and so on. If they give you 10 pages of fine print I'd be leery, since a used appliance warranty should be simple and concise, plain English with no fancy lawyer talk. You can avoid the need to use that credit card you're getting ready to cut up (see step 6) in an emergency if you buy used!
STEP 6: KILL THE CREDIT CARDS!!!!!Credit cards. Oh boy. I'm thankful to say that I've never fallen into this trap, nor will I ever fall into this trap. Credit cards are the spawn of satan, as many people have discovered albeit too late. Stop buying stuff on credit cards! All you're doing is creating even more debt for yourself, debt that is almost impossible to get out from under once it's too late. And too late with credit cards can start with your first purchase. Now, some people have an emergency and have no choice but to use their credit card. If that happens, then you're pretty much stuck. But you need to shave something off of your budget each month so you can pay off what you purchased. Here's an example. I need a refrigerator, and I don't have cash. I use my credit card and buy a $150 unit (not the $1500 unit from Lowe's) from a used appliance store. I take $50 each month out of my various budgets, and in 3 months the fridge is paid off except for interest (unless you have one of those 6 months to a year no interest things going on, in which case you're all done and paid up!). See? But unless it really is an emergency, don't touch that card. As a matter of fact, once you get a nice little cushion fund saved up you can put that card in the shredder!
I know nothing about paying down credit card balances, but I do know that paying the minimum balance on a credit card debt will get you nowhere. Sorry I don't have any more advice, but I've never had one.STEP 7: SET YOUR BUDGET AND DON'T LET IT MOVE!Now you have three main lists: bills, expenses, and wants. Now what? Here are a couple questions to ask yourself:
~ Have I reduced everything down to the bare minimum I'm willing to live with?
~ Is the bare minimum I'm willing to live with still too much, or could I go lower?
If you can honestly say yes to the first and no to the second, it's time to move on. You have to total all three main lists and compare them to your monthly income. If you're still negative, well, you're gonna have to cut down on more expenses. If you're not negative but the left over number isn't what you hoped, then keep reducing. If the left over number seems like a lot, don't get excited. There is one more thing that has to be added to the final monthly total before you can set your budget. I call it "Miscellaneous". This category is for unexpected things that come up that don't count as emergencies. Say your mom calls and wants you to come over. You don't want to live like a complete hermit while you're saving! The gas money for that trip would come out of this category. Say you have to pay for a prescription or pay a co-pay on a doctor visit. Miscellaneous comes in handy for stuff like that. Don't go overboard and make your "Misc." budget huge, just a small sum that you think would cover a little extra gas or something.
Once you get your "Misc." amount down, you're ready to finalize your budget. Whatever you have left over is your savings. SAVINGS, not "I have extra money so I can buy a TV" money. This money needs to be put into a savings account and not be touched unless the devil himself is at your door. Seriously.
STEP 8: DON'T GIVE UP!!!Don't worry if it takes a few months to get your budget perfect. You may have estimated WAY too much for one bill or not enough for another, so adjust accordingly. But once you get a couple of months down you need to stick with it. It may seem like it's going to be forever before you reach your savings goal, but a few years is nothing compared to a lifetime of creditors or being stuck in a crappy house or having nothing to pass on to your kids. You really want the executor of your estate dividing up your ABC gum collection to your heirs? And if you're young enough you can start your budget long before you get into debt that will drown you, and you can buy your first house or that fancy car with the CASH you've been saving!
EXTRA STUFFSALE ADS:
Okay, just cause the label at the store says it's on sale, or an item is featured in a sale ad, doesn't mean it's a good deal. Shopping sales takes practice, so don't jump and buy up an item that looks like it's a good buy. You can save money by investing in a deep freezer (if you have room) after you've got a decent amount in your savings and buying meat and veggies in bulk. I can't count the times I've found $.99/lb hamburger on sale and bought 100lbs of it. If you can't get a deep freezer because of lack of space or money, you can buy non perishables in bulk. I always have cheap Mac and Cheese on hand for the kids, and my general rule of thumb is to replace as I use. If I have 20 bags of frozen veggies and I use 5, I'm going to go buy 5 more on the next shopping trip to bring me back up to 20 if I can get them for a decent price.
CUTTING YOUR FOOD BUDGET: Never eat out. Never. It's a HUGE waste of money! I cook everything from scratch or almost from scratch, and I cook in quantity. I'm not going to make one meal for one night, I'm going to make enough for leftovers to last the week! So what if everyone's sick of it after 2 days, I'll put it in the freezer and they can eat it later. Or they can get over it, at least they aren't starving, right? If you can't cook, LEARN! It's not that hard! Get a cookbook for the amateur cook and try a new recipe every week (you might not want to cook in quantity until you get the recipe down, though). I love my Joy of Cooking cookbooks. I have the old ones with the weird old recipes and the newer books with grilled pizza recipes. If you do get a Joy of Cooking, check Ebay or Amazon. And get the one titled "The All New All Purpose Joy of Cooking", since it has the most up-to-date recipes. It's the perfect cookbook for a new cook, it literally gives you step by step instructions. I'm a firm believer that with the right seasoning any meal can taste good. Garlic powder, salt, pepper, chili powder (for mexican dishes), Italian seasonings (for pasta sauce), and onion powder are my staples.
IF YOU NEED TO DIP INTO YOUR SAVINGS: If at all possible, don't put your hand in the cookie jar until it's halfway full, that way it's harder to notice if one or two are missing. In other words, wait until you have a decent amount in your savings before you spend any of it. Establish an emergency fund that totals at least 3-6 months of your must have expenses, like bills and other necessities. Anything on top of that can be lightly skimmed (stress LIGHTLY) if you absolutely need to. Of course, if you have an emergency you may have to spend some of your savings even if you don't have the 3-6 months cushion yet.
IF YOUR SIGNIFICANT OTHER CAN'T SAVE/REFUSES TO SAVE:Face it. Women are better at doing the math (usually) than men. A couple I know desperately wants and needs to save money, and they make enough to save a decent amount, but the guy just can't seem to stop spending the money. She has no problem with the budget, but even though she gives him a decent amount (although a very small amount with little room for overspending) from his paycheck each week he always wants more. They fight like cats and dogs about it, he says that it's his money from his paycheck so he should be able to spend it how he wants, and she says tough because she has a family goal in mind. What to do?
If your significant other can't see past the here and now to reach a long term goal, a relationship can go from perfect to ruin in days. Here are a few things you can do in this situation.
A) You can give in and let all the money get wasted away.
B) You can tough it through and hope that your partner sees the light when you reach your first milestone.
C) You can compromise when your partner is sane (as in, not flipping out because he/she wants more money), and try to agree on a different amount.
D) You can take all of the money and ration it according to the budget, so your partner is left guessing as to how much money there really is.
I'm not saying that any of these options are right, as a matter of fact men (in my limited experience) tend to hold a grudge in situations where decisions are made for them. The only option not listed here is splitting up, because no one wants to split up over money, although statistics show that well over 50% of divorces are the result of money disagreements. The couple I mentioned opted for D. She takes all of the money and splits it up, then hides it so he doesn't know how much there is. Is it right? I don't know. Does it work for her? Yes.
In my situation my husband is very on board with the idea of savings, and I handle all of the money. When he gets paid he takes an exact, set amount out in cash, and every remaining penny gets deposited into the bank account. His amount is for gas, nothing else, because he knows that any extra money he may have will be frittered away on useless things. He wasn't always on board, so I chose option B. I toughed through all the freaking out, then, when he realized that we would OWN something in a few short months everything changed. It's up to you if you decide to choose one of the above options or something completely different, but my advice is to try as hard as you can to reason it out. Even men can see the light, it just might take a while.
WHAT TO DO IF YOUR BILLS ARE SPREAD OUT EACH MONTH
So you have your plan, but you can't pay all of your bills at the end of the month. They're all due at different times throughout the month. Here's a simple solution:
Get a stack of envelopes and write the name of the bill on the outside. Then, divide the total amount of the bill by the number of paychecks you get each month. That's the amount that needs to go into the envelope each paycheck. Always round up, not down. Say my phone bill is $50/month, and I get paid bi-weekly. I need to put $25 in the phone envelope each paycheck. But what if the bill is due before I put the second $25 in? That's when you may have to cut into your first month's savings so you can get onto a set schedule. I would take the second $25 out of my savings and put it in the envelope so the bill can be paid, that way next month I'll be putting the 2nd $25 in when the bill is due. Make sense? Do this for each bill INCLUDING your target savings for the month. If you cut into your first month's savings to compensate for a billing cycle, don't worry about it. Just put whatever's left into the saving's envelope.